瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組煙氣余熱具有鮮明特征：一是排煙溫度高，一般在450～650℃，屬于中高品位余熱，利用價(jià)值高；二是煙氣流量隨機(jī)組負(fù)荷變化較為穩(wěn)定，適合連續(xù)回收；三是煙氣含少量硫分與水蒸氣，低溫段易出現(xiàn)酸露點(diǎn)腐蝕；四是余熱總量大，可與缸套水余熱聯(lián)合實(shí)現(xiàn)梯級(jí)利用。同時(shí)，瓦斯發(fā)電場(chǎng)所屬煤礦特殊環(huán)境，要求余熱系統(tǒng)必須具備防爆、防回火、可靠聯(lián)鎖等安全功能，不能影響主機(jī)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。

The exhaust heat of gas generator sets has distinct characteristics: firstly, the exhaust temperature is high, generally between 450-650 ℃, which belongs to medium to high-grade waste heat with high utilization value; Secondly, the random load variation of the flue gas flow rate is relatively stable and suitable for continuous recovery; Thirdly, the flue gas contains a small amount of sulfur and water vapor, which makes it prone to acid dew point corrosion in the low-temperature range; Fourthly, the total amount of waste heat is large, which can be combined with the waste heat of cylinder liner water to achieve cascade utilization. At the same time, gas power generation sites belong to the special environment of coal mines, and it is required that the waste heat system must have safety functions such as explosion prevention, backfire prevention, and reliable interlocking, and cannot affect the stable operation of the host.

煙氣余熱回收主要技術(shù)路線

Main technical routes for flue gas waste heat recovery

（一）余熱鍋爐產(chǎn)蒸汽

（1） Waste heat boiler produces steam

在機(jī)組排煙端設(shè)置熱管式或水管式余熱鍋爐，回收煙氣熱量產(chǎn)生0.4～1.6MPa蒸汽，用于礦區(qū)生產(chǎn)、采暖、洗浴供熱。該技術(shù)成熟可靠、投資適中，可提高系統(tǒng)熱效率8%～15%，是應(yīng)用最廣泛的方案。

Install heat pipe or water pipe waste heat boilers at the exhaust end of the unit to recover heat from flue gas and generate 0.4-1.6MPa steam, which is used for production, heating, and bathing heating in mining areas. This technology is mature and reliable, with moderate investment, and can improve the system's thermal efficiency by 8% to 15%, making it the most widely used solution.

（二）余熱供暖及供熱水

（2） Waste heat heating and hot water supply

通過(guò)換熱器將煙氣熱量轉(zhuǎn)換為熱水，用于辦公樓、宿舍采暖及職工生活熱水。在北方礦區(qū)采暖周期長(zhǎng)，供熱收益更為明顯。

By using a heat exchanger to convert the heat from flue gas into hot water, it can be used for heating office buildings, dormitories, and employee living hot water. In northern mining areas, the heating cycle is longer and the heating benefits are more significant.

（三）余熱驅(qū)動(dòng)吸收式制冷

（3） Waste heat driven absorption refrigeration

利用余熱蒸汽或熱水驅(qū)動(dòng)溴化鋰制冷機(jī)組，為廠房、抽采站等提供空調(diào)冷水，減少電制冷消耗，提升夏季節(jié)能效益。

Using waste heat steam or hot water to drive lithium bromide refrigeration units, providing air conditioning cold water for factories, extraction stations, etc., reducing electric refrigeration consumption, and improving summer energy efficiency.

（四）聯(lián)合循環(huán)補(bǔ)汽發(fā)電

（4） Combined cycle supplementary steam power generation

大中型電站可采用“燃?xì)獍l(fā)電+余熱鍋爐+汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)”聯(lián)合循環(huán)，將蒸汽再次轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，整體發(fā)電效率可提升5%～8%。

Large and medium-sized power stations can adopt a combined cycle of "gas power generation+waste heat boiler+steam turbine generator" to convert steam into electrical energy again, which can improve the overall power generation efficiency by 5% to 8%.

（五）梯級(jí)綜合利用

（5） Cascade comprehensive utilization

采用“高溫?zé)煔猱a(chǎn)汽發(fā)電—中低溫?zé)崃抗┡评洹滋姿A(yù)熱補(bǔ)水”的梯級(jí)利用模式，系統(tǒng)綜合能源利用率可達(dá)75%～85%，節(jié)能效果最優(yōu)。

The cascade utilization mode of "high-temperature flue gas steam generation power generation - medium and low-temperature heat heating and cooling - cylinder liner water preheating and replenishment" is adopted, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the system can reach 75% to 85%, with the best energy-saving effect.

關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與安全保障

Key Technologies and Security Assurance

瓦斯發(fā)電余熱回收需重點(diǎn)解決安全與穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行問(wèn)題。一是合理匹配余熱鍋爐容量，適應(yīng)瓦斯?jié)舛炔▌?dòng)與機(jī)組負(fù)荷變化；二是采用耐腐蝕換熱材料，減緩腐蝕；三是設(shè)置防爆煙道、緊急排煙旁路及超溫超壓聯(lián)鎖，滿足煤礦防爆安全要求；四是實(shí)現(xiàn)余熱系統(tǒng)與機(jī)組DCS聯(lián)動(dòng)控制，確保不影響主機(jī)運(yùn)行參數(shù)。

The recovery of waste heat from gas power generation needs to focus on addressing safety and stable operation issues. One is to reasonably match the capacity of the waste heat boiler to adapt to fluctuations in gas concentration and changes in unit load; Secondly, corrosion-resistant heat exchange materials are used to slow down corrosion; The third is to set up explosion-proof flues, emergency smoke exhaust bypasses, and over temperature and over pressure interlocks to meet the explosion-proof safety requirements of coal mines; The fourth is to achieve linkage control between the waste heat system and the unit DCS, ensuring that it does not affect the operating parameters of the host.