油田伴生氣放空/燃燒皆違規(guī)，瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組成環(huán)保剛需，早用早合規(guī)

　　The venting/burning of associated gas in oil fields is in violation of regulations, and gas generators are essential for environmental protection, with early use and compliance

　　油田伴生氣又稱油田氣，在油田的開采過程中，在油層間會(huì)出現(xiàn)伴隨石油液體出現(xiàn)的氣體，根據(jù)有機(jī)成烴生油的相關(guān)理論，有機(jī)質(zhì)能夠轉(zhuǎn)換成氣態(tài)烴和液態(tài)烴，而氣態(tài)烴有可能溶解于液態(tài)烴中，也有可能呈氣體狀態(tài)，存在于油氣藏的上部。這兩種狀態(tài)存在的氣態(tài)烴就稱為油田伴生氣或伴生氣，其主要成分包括甲烷和乙烷等低分子烷烴，還有一定量的丙烷、丁烷、戊烷等。

　　Oilfield associated gas, also known as oilfield gas, is a gas that appears between oil layers during the extraction process. According to the relevant theory of organic hydrocarbon generation, organic matter can be converted into gaseous hydrocarbons and liquid hydrocarbons. Gaseous hydrocarbons may dissolve in liquid hydrocarbons or exist in a gaseous state in the upper part of oil and gas reservoirs. The gaseous hydrocarbons that exist in these two states are called oilfield associated gas or associated gas, and their main components include low molecular weight alkanes such as methane and ethane, as well as certain amounts of propane, butane, pentane, etc.

　　油田伴生氣具有非?？捎^的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，伴生氣回收處理就指的是從氣流中將乙烷、丙烷、丁烷分離出來，加工成天然氣混合液(NGL)或LPG在市場(chǎng)上銷售。而以前的做法，是將油田伴生氣直接排放到空氣中，造成環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重污染。

　　Oilfield associated gas has significant economic benefits, and associated gas recovery and treatment refers to the separation of ethane, propane, and butane from the gas flow, processing them into natural gas mixture (NGL) or LPG for sale in the market. The previous practice was to directly discharge oilfield associated gas into the air, causing serious environmental pollution.

　　考慮到油田伴生氣對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞，各個(gè)企業(yè)將排放出的氣體，進(jìn)行燃燒后再排放，但燃燒后會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的CO?/CO硫化物等物質(zhì)，同樣也會(huì)造成環(huán)境的污染。所以，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)角度來看，開發(fā)油田伴生氣綜合回收利用，有利于企業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)人與自然環(huán)境的和諧發(fā)展。

　　Considering the environmental damage caused by oilfield associated gas, various enterprises will burn the emitted gas before discharging it. However, the combustion will produce a large amount of CO?/CO sulfides and other substances, which will also cause environmental pollution. Therefore, from a long-term perspective, the comprehensive recovery and utilization of associated gas in oil fields is beneficial to the sustainable development strategy of enterprises and promotes the harmonious development between humans and the natural environment.

　　油田伴生氣的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)：油田伴生氣是伴隨原油共生的，與原油同時(shí)采出后在集輸、儲(chǔ)運(yùn)過程中，從原油中分離出來的天然氣。其主要成分為飽和烴，通常是密度比空氣低的無色氣體，屬于甲類易燃?xì)怏w。但由于油藏的性質(zhì)、分離的條件、分離環(huán)境等因素的影響，使得油田伴生氣的組成成分具有很大的差異。目前，油田伴生氣輕烴回收裝置生產(chǎn)的主要有液化石油氣、干氣和穩(wěn)定輕烴三中產(chǎn)品，烴類氣體脂肪族鏈狀烴類混合物(烷烴)?；厥盏陌樯鷼庵休p烴數(shù)量多，這是伴生氣與天然氣之間最主要的區(qū)別。

　　The nature and characteristics of oilfield associated gas: Oilfield associated gas is natural gas that coexists with crude oil and is separated from crude oil during the gathering, transportation, and storage processes after being extracted simultaneously with crude oil. Its main component is saturated hydrocarbons, which are usually colorless gases with lower density than air and belong to Class A flammable gases. However, due to factors such as the nature of oil reservoirs, separation conditions, and separation environments, the composition of associated gas in oil fields varies greatly. At present, the oil field associated gas light hydrocarbon recovery unit mainly produces three products: liquefied petroleum gas, dry gas, and stable light hydrocarbons, as well as hydrocarbon gas aliphatic chain hydrocarbon mixtures (alkanes). The amount of light hydrocarbons in the recovered associated gas is higher, which is the main difference between associated gas and natural gas.

　　油田伴生氣分類：

　　Classification of associated gas in oil fields:

　　1、井場(chǎng)套管氣:在油井的生產(chǎn)過程中，天然氣會(huì)從原油中分離出來，其條件是原油飽和壓力比井底壓力高。而分離出來的天然氣，其中一部分會(huì)上升聚集到油井套管中，另一部分會(huì)隨著液流，進(jìn)入到抽油泵腔中，而被采出得到的就是油井伴生氣。

　　1. Wellsite casing gas: During the production process of oil wells, natural gas is separated from crude oil under the condition that the saturation pressure of crude oil is higher than the bottomhole pressure. And the separated natural gas, some of which will rise and accumulate in the oil well casing, while the other part will enter the pumping chamber with the liquid flow, and the extracted gas is the associated gas of the oil well.

　　2、油罐揮發(fā)氣:此類氣體主要是由聯(lián)合站沉降脫水罐頂原油罐產(chǎn)生，通過呼吸閥會(huì)揮發(fā)掉大量的天然氣。

　　2. Volatile gas from oil tanks: This type of gas is mainly generated by the original oil tanks on top of the settling and dewatering tanks at the joint station, and a large amount of natural gas will be evaporated through the breathing valve.

　　3、站場(chǎng)伴生氣:此類伴生氣是增壓點(diǎn)、接轉(zhuǎn)站、聯(lián)合站等站場(chǎng)的緩沖罐或三相分離器分離出來的氣體，主要特點(diǎn)是甲烷、乙烷較多，基本不含泥砂等雜質(zhì)，每個(gè)站點(diǎn)的氣量在幾百到幾千立方米不等。

　　3. Station associated gas: This type of associated gas is gas separated from buffer tanks or three-phase separators at boosting points, transfer stations, joint stations, and other stations. Its main characteristics are that it contains a large amount of methane and ethane, and is basically free of impurities such as mud and sand. The gas volume at each station ranges from several hundred to several thousand cubic meters.

　　4、輕烴裝置干氣:此類氣體是輕烴回收裝置將石油伴生氣中的CO2以上重組分回收后的副產(chǎn)品，主要特點(diǎn)是95%以上為甲烷、乙烷，氣體純凈，其作用同天然氣。

　　4. Dry gas from light hydrocarbon unit: This type of gas is a byproduct of the recovery of heavy components above CO2 from petroleum associated gas by the light hydrocarbon recovery unit. Its main characteristic is that more than 95% of it is methane and ethane, and the gas is pure. Its function is the same as natural gas.

　　伴生氣綜合利用：

　　Comprehensive utilization of associated gas:

　　1、干氣發(fā)電:干氣作為燃料的特點(diǎn)是，操作簡(jiǎn)單、運(yùn)輸方便、燃燒率高。由于不含有灰份等固體雜質(zhì)，故對(duì)環(huán)境的污染比較小。目前，各國(guó)生產(chǎn)的天然氣，約有95%作為燃料。而我國(guó)的油田伴生氣經(jīng)回收輕烴后，干氣大部分作為了人們生活的使用和油田的電業(yè)生產(chǎn)。

　　1. Dry gas power generation: The characteristics of dry gas as fuel are simple operation, convenient transportation, and high combustion rate. Due to the absence of solid impurities such as ash, the pollution to the environment is relatively small. Currently, about 95% of natural gas produced by various countries is used as fuel. After recovering light hydrocarbons from the associated gas in China's oil fields, most of the dry gas is used for people's daily lives and for the electricity production in oil fields.

　　2、為汽車提供燃料:目前，市場(chǎng)上所銷售的天然氣汽車，其燃料主要壓縮、液化兩種天然氣。其中壓縮天然氣是一種無色無味、密度比空氣輕、燃燒熱量高的氣體，主要成分是甲烷，極容易燃燒，并且其燃料含碳量比較少，抗爆性好，不會(huì)稀釋潤(rùn)滑油，能夠延長(zhǎng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的壽命。

　　2. Providing fuel for automobiles: Currently, the natural gas vehicles sold in the market mainly use compressed and liquefied natural gas as fuel. Compressed natural gas is a colorless and odorless gas with a lighter density than air and higher combustion heat. Its main component is methane, which is extremely easy to burn. Its fuel has a relatively low carbon content, good blast resistance, and does not dilute lubricating oil, which can extend the life of the engine.

　　3、生產(chǎn)化工溶劑:從伴生氣中回收的輕油(輕質(zhì)油的用途、范圍、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益),因其餾份輕、含硫量低、又不含烯烴，所以是生產(chǎn)化工溶劑的良好原料。

　　3. Production of chemical solvents: Light oil recovered from associated gas (the purpose, scope, and economic benefits of light oil) is a good raw material for the production of chemical solvents due to its light fraction, low sulfur content, and absence of olefins.

　　4、輕烴回收：輕烴回收可以提高天然氣的質(zhì)量，防止天然氣在傳輸過程中發(fā)生管道阻塞，從而減少了油氣的耗損，有利于降低對(duì)環(huán)境污染，對(duì)于提高天然氣的整體社會(huì)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益具有非常重要的作用。

　　4. Light hydrocarbon recovery: Light hydrocarbon recovery can improve the quality of natural gas, prevent pipeline blockage during transmission, reduce oil and gas consumption, and help reduce environmental pollution. It plays a very important role in improving the overall social and market economic benefits of natural gas.

　　本文由  瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組  友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊http://www.seewest.cn/真誠(chéng)的態(tài)度.為您提供為全面的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請(qǐng)期待.

　　This article is a friendly contribution from a gas generator set For more related knowledge, please click http://www.seewest.cn/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.